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Oklahoma Administrative Code (Last Updated: March 11, 2021) |
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TITLE 210. State Department of Education |
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Chapter 15. Curriculum and Instruction |
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Subchapter 3. Oklahoma Academic Standards |
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Part 3. PRE-KINDERGARTEN AND KINDERGARTEN |
SECTION 210:15-3-5.1. Definitions
Latest version.
- The following words and terms, when used in this Part, shall have the following meaning unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:"Beat" means the consistent pulse that occurs throughout a rhyme, song, or recorded musical selection;"Biographical data" means information pertaining to an individual (e.g., name, age, birthdate, address, telephone number)."Body percussion" means sounds produced by the use of the body (i.e., clap, snap, slap, tap, stamp, stomp, whistle)."Color" means hue (name of the color), value (how light a color is), and intensity (amount of brightness) produced through the reflection of light to the eye. Primary colors are the three colors from which all other colors may be made: red, yellow, and blue. Secondary colors are the result of mixing any two primary colors: orange, green, and purple."Consonants" means the letters of the alphabet (excluding a, e, i, o, u, usually including y and w) and a single sound made by a parted or complete obstruction of air."Dynamics" means varying degrees of loud and soft."Folk music" means music of a particular people, nation, or region, originally transmitted orally, sometimes as a rhythmic accompaniment to manual work or to mark a specific ritual."Form" means a three-dimensional object with the qualities of length, width and depth. Examples of geometric forms include a cone, cube, sphere, or cylinder."Harmony" means two or more tones sounding together."Inquiry" means processes of science (observe, sort, classify, describe, communicate)."Language experience" means an approach to the teaching of reading in which students read about their own experiences recorded in their own words. Experience stories are dictated by the student to a teacher who writes them down. Dictated accounts are reread in unison, in echo-fashion, and independently."Learning centers" means areas within the classroom arranged so that children are able to participate in a variety of activities relating to art, science, reading, dramatic play, blocks, etc."Line" means the path of a moving point. A line may define the edge of a shape; repeated, it can create texture or value. It may be thick or thin, smooth or rough, short or long, light or dark."Literature" means text created for a specific purpose (e.g., poem, story, novel, etc.)."Locomotor" means movement from one place to another."Melody" means a succession or pattern of musical tones or pitches."Nonlocomotor" means movement in place."Nonstandard measurement" means a measurement determined by the use of nonstandard units (e.g., hands, paper clips, beans, cotton balls, etc.)."Note" means a musical symbol that denotes both pitch and duration."Number sense" means the understanding of numbers and their quantities."One-to-one correspondence" means pairing or matching objects in a one-to-one relationship."Onset" means the sound(s) in a word that come(s) before the first vowel."Ordinal" means a number that is used to tell order (e.g., first, fifth)."Phonemes" means a minimal sound unit of speech that distinguishes one word from another (lace, lake)."Phonological/phonemic awareness" means the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate large parts of spoken language (e.g., words, syllables, onsets, rimes) and the auditory ability to divide speech into smaller units of sound (phonemes)."Phonics" means a way of teaching reading and spelling that stresses symbol sound relationships; the ability to associate letters and letter combinations with sound and blend them into syllables and words."Pitch" means the highness or lowness of a particular note."Primary colors" means the basic colors of red, yellow, and blue from which it is possible to mix all other colors on the color wheel."Print awareness" means the ability to understand how print works. This includes knowing that the print on the page represents the words that can be read aloud and distinguishing between various forms and purposes of print, from personal letters and signs to storybooks and essays."Prior knowledge" means knowing that stems from previous experience."Rhythm" means beats per measure."Rime" means the first vowel in a syllable and all the sounds that follow (e.g., /ook/ in book or brook, /ik/ in strike or bike, /a/ in play or day)."Set" means a group of objects."Shape" means a two-dimensional area defined by an outline or change in color. Examples of types of geometric shapes include circle, square, rectangle, triangle, or oval. Other shapes may be free-form such as natural objects (i.e., leaves, flowers, clouds) or invented free-form shapes that might be created by doodling."Shared reading" means a term used to describe the process in which the teacher and the children read a book together. The book is read and reread many times. On the first several readings the teacher does most of the reading. As children become more familiar, they join in and "share" the reading."Shared writing" means teacher and children work together to compose messages and stories; teacher supports process as a scribe."Space" means area within, around, between, above or below objects and shapes. Space or distance may be suggested in visual art by using perspective or other strategies such as placement of objects on the picture plane, overlapping of shapes, or objects closer to the viewer are made to appear to have more vibrant color and detail than objects further away. Variation of size or value and the use of converging lines are also used to suggest space."Spatial sense" means involves building and manipulating mental representations of two- and three-dimensional objects and ideas."Standard measurement" means a measure determined by the use of standard units (e.g., inches, feet, pounds, cups, pints, gallons)."Tempo" means the speed or pace of music."Transitional spelling" means the result of an attempt to spell a word whose spelling is not already known, based on a writer's knowledge of the spelling system and how it works."Text" means any printed material."Texture" means the surface quality or feel of an object. Texture may be actual (rough or smooth) or implied visually."Value" means the degree of dark or light tones or colors. A value scale shows the gradual changing of a tone from the darkest to the lightest or white. Value may be created by simple shading, hatch marks (small repeated lines in the same direction), or crosshatching."Vowels" means a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y and w.